One method I've used for many years with rifle and handgun is to use a single 8.5"x11" sheet of black paper as a target. No target dots, just plain black paper. I shoot 2-3 rounds at various distances and in various positions. When I reach a range where I cannot keep all my shots on that paper I know I have exceeded my maximum range for that position or firearm. I use the plain black paper as it offers no definite aiming point and approximates the kill zone on big game. For handguns I move five yards back at a time until I start having flyers off the paper. I move 25 yards at a time for open sighted rifles and 50 yards at a time for scoped rifles.